Kwanan wata: 2022-05-28  Tushen: Abubuwan Fiber Composites

Tsarin lattice na kyakyawan kristal mai kyawu yana cikin tsarin lu'ulu'u hexagonal, wanda tsari ne mai ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin carbon a cikin tsarin cibiyar sadarwar zobe mai mambobi shida. A cikin zobe mai mambobi shida, atom ɗin carbon suna cikin nau'in sp 2 hybrid

Tsarin asali

Tsarin lattice na kyakyawan kristal mai kyawu yana cikin tsarin kristal hexagonal, wanda ya ƙunshi atom ɗin carbon wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin cibiyar sadarwar zobe mai mambobi shida. A cikin zobe mai mambobi shida, atom ɗin carbon suna sp 2 haɗakarwa. A cikin sp2 hybridization, akwai 1 2s electron da 2 2p electron hybridization, forming uku daidai ko karfi bonds, bond nisa ne 0.1421nm, da matsakaita bond makamashi ne 627kJ/mol da bond kwana ne 120 juna.

Sauran zakka 2p orbitals da ke cikin jirgin guda daya suna daidai da jirgin da ke da uku o bonds, da kuma N-bonds na carbon atom da suka hada da N-bond suna layi daya da juna kuma suna haɗuwa don samar da babban N. - bond; Electrons ɗin da ba na gida ba a kan n electron zai iya motsawa daidai da jirgin sama, yana ba shi kaddarorin gudanarwa. Suna iya ɗaukar haske mai gani, yin graphite baki. Ƙarfin van der Waals tsakanin matakan graphite ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa a cikin yadudduka. Tazarar tsakanin yadudduka shine 0.3354nm, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa shine 5.4kJ/mol. Zane-zanen graphite suna jujjuyawa da rabin siminti mai siffar hexagonal kuma ana maimaita su cikin kowane Layer, suna samar da ABAB..

Tsarin [4], da ba da shi tare da lubrication na kai da ikon shiga tsakani, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 2-5. Carbon fiber shine microcrystalline dutse-tawada abu samu daga Organic fiber ta carbonization da graphitization.

Microstructure na fiber carbon yana kama da na graphite na wucin gadi, wanda ke cikin tsarin polycrystalline chaotic graphite. Bambanci daga tsarin graphite ya ta'allaka ne a cikin fassarar da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma jujjuyawar tsakanin matakan atomic (duba Hoto 2-6). Shida-element cibiyar sadarwa covalent bond an daure a cikin atomic Layer na - wanda shi ne m layi daya da fiber axis. Sabili da haka, an yi imani da cewa fiber carbon fiber ya ƙunshi tsarin graphite maras kyau tare da tsayin axis fiber, wanda ya haifar da maɗaukakiyar axial mai girma. Tsarin lamellar na graphite yana da mahimmancin anisotropy, wanda ke sa kaddarorinsa na zahiri kuma suna nuna anisotropy.

Properties da aikace-aikace na carbon fiber

Carbon fiber za a iya raba zuwa filament, madaidaicin fiber, da madaidaicin fiber. An raba kaddarorin injiniyoyi zuwa nau'in gabaɗaya da nau'in babban aiki. Ƙarfin fiber ɗin carbon ɗin gabaɗaya shine 1000 MPa, modules shine kusan 10OGPa. High-performance carbon fiber ne zuwa kashi high ƙarfi irin (ƙarfin 2000MPa, modulus 250GPa) da kuma high model (modulus sama da 300GPa). Ƙarfin da ya fi 4000MPa kuma ana kiransa nau'in ƙarfin ultra-high; Wadanda ke da modul mafi girma fiye da 450GPa ana kiran su ultra high model. Tare da haɓaka masana'antar sararin samaniya da masana'antar jirgin sama, babban ƙarfi da haɓakar fiber carbon fiber ya bayyana, kuma haɓakarsa ya fi 2%. Babban adadin shine polypropylene ido PAN na tushen carbon fiber. Carbon fiber yana da babban ƙarfin axial da modulus, ba mai rarrafe ba, juriya mai kyau na gajiya, takamaiman zafi da ƙarancin wutar lantarki tsakanin waɗanda ba ƙarfe da ƙarfe ba, ƙaramin ƙayyadaddun haɓakar haɓakar thermal, juriya mai kyau na lalata, ƙarancin fiber, da ingantaccen watsa X-ray. Duk da haka, juriya na tasirinsa ba shi da kyau kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa, oxidation yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin acid mai ƙarfi, da carbonization na ƙarfe, carburization, da lalata electrochemical yana faruwa lokacin da aka haɗa shi da karfe. A sakamakon haka, carbon fiber dole ne a bi da saman kafin amfani.